In the field of materials processing, stainless steel machining stands out as a prime method for making a wide variety of industrial parts.
However, working with stainless steel also poses many challenges, as it has unique properties that set it apart from other metals.
In this article, our industrial machining experts introduce you to stainless steel machining, and explain how to overcome the challenges of machining this metal using the right knowledge and techniques.
Why use stainless steel in industrial machining?
Stainless steel is the name for a family of an iron-based alloys, composed of 50% iron, at least 10.5% chromium and less than 1.2% carbon. This composition gives it several unique properties.
Since the composition of stainless steel can vary, its characteristics can vary as well, including its mechanical properties and level of resistance to corrosion. Nickel enhances the physical properties of stainless steel, while titanium and molybdenum increase its strength and resistance to corrosion.
Advantages of machining stainless steel
One of the most notable characteristics of stainless steel is its high resistance to corrosion, which makes it a preferred choice for applications in contexts where there is a high likelihood of this type of wear, such as the chemical and food industries.
In addition, stainless steel has a high resistance to elevated temperatures, which means it can be welded and yet remain suitable for use in situations where it will be exposed to extreme temperatures.
Disadvantages of machining stainless steel
Machining stainless steel presents unique challenges, due to both its composition and its unique physical properties. For example, stainless steel tends to generate more heat during processing, which can lead to the deformation of parts or premature wear of tools.
Also, its relatively low malleability can make the machining process more difficult than for metals with higher elasticity.
Are you looking for a stainless steel machining service? Contact our machining company to tell us more about your project.
Types of stainless steel used in machining
There are several families of stainless steel, each with unique characteristics. Each type is more or less suited to different types of heat treatment for specific applications.
The main families of stainless steel include austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex and precipitation-hardened (PH) stainless steel. Each alloy contains variations in its chemical composition, which affects its mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion.
Austenitic stainless steels (AISI 304L, AISI 316L)
Austenitic stainless steels are the most common and include grades AISI 304L and AISI 316L.
AISI 304L is one of the most popular grades of stainless steel, prized for its versatility and resistance to corrosion. It is widely used o create structural components, and in food processing equipment, storage tanks and cookware.
AISI 316L or low-carbon 316 stainless steel offers even higher resistance to corrosion than 304L stainless steel because it contains molybdenum. This grade is commonly used in highly corrosive and saline environments such as are common in the chemical and marine industries.
Stainless steel machining techniques
Stainless steel machining can be carried out using different techniques, including milling, turning, screw machining and drilling. Each method has advantages and disadvantages in terms of accuracy, speed, and cost.
Milling
Milling is one of the most popular machining techniques overall, and is often used when working with stainless steel. This method is recognized for being excellent for industrial machinery design, which involves high levels of complexity and precision. In the world of stainless steel machining, milling occupies a prominent place, as it makes it possible to meet strict requirements related to both quality and durability.
Turning
Machine turning stainless steel is the ideal method for manufacturing precise cylindrical parts, such as shafts and pins, which are central components in many mechanical and industrial applications.
Drilling
Drilling is used to create precisely sized holes in stainless steel parts. Drilling is used to manufacture components that will require assembly via bolting or riveting, and components that need spaces for fluids or cables to pass through them.
The importance of tool selection and machining parameters
Selecting the right tools is key to creating high-quality, precise stainless steel parts. The machining equipment itself must also be made from high-quality materials in order to withstand the thermal and mechanical stresses associated with machining stainless steel.
In addition, professional machinists must adjust all parameters, including cutting speed, depth of passage and feed, to optimize performance and extend tool life.
Stainless steel machining applications
Stainless steel is used in a variety of industrial sectors, including medical, aerospace, food and beverage, and shipbuilding. Machined stainless steel parts for medical use are widely used to make surgical instruments and orthopedic implants, as this material is biocompatible, malleable and resists stress and corrosion.
Similarly, stainless steel is also used in the aerospace sector to make critical components and mechanical parts, including turbines and fuselage structures. It is highly valued for being lightweight, weldable and machinable.
For your industrial machining needs, contact HARtech!
Stainless steel can be used to create machined parts of exceptional quality, as it is a metal alloy that offers an ideal combination of precision and strength. It is available in a variety of grades, meaning professionals can select an appropriate type of stainless steel according to the specific requirements of their industry.
To get expert advice from a machining specialist, contact HARtech today! Work with our skilled machinists to create the perfect steel parts for your project.
